Ivan of the Ladder adjacent to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Moscow Kremlin. The most famous example of this type of a church is the Church of St. Sometimes it was mounted right atop the church building, resulting in the special type of church called pod zvonom ("under ringing") or izhe pod kolokoly ("under bells"). Zvonnitsa appeared in Russia in the 14th century and was widely used until the 17th century. It was an alternative to bell tower in the medieval architecture of Russia and some Eastern European countries. A zvonnitsa is a large rectangular structure containing multiple arches or beams that carry bells, where bell ringers stand on its basement level and perform the ringing using long ropes, like playing on a kind of giant musical instrument.The most ancient balls and bats for lapta were found in 14th-century layers during excavations in Novgorod. The running player should try to avoid being hit with the ball, which is thrown by opposing team members. Points are earned by hitting the ball, served by a player of the opposite team, and sending it as far as possible, then running across the field to the kon line, and if possible running back to the gorod line. The game is played outside on a field the size of 20 x 25 sazhens (about 140 x 175 feet). Lapta is a Russian ball game played with a bat, similar to modern baseball.Zvonnitsa of Transfiguration Cathedral in Vyazemy near Moscow. Certain innovations achieved internationally may also appear in this timeline in cases where the Russian side played a major role in such projects. This timeline includes scientific and medical discoveries, products and technologies introduced by various peoples of Russia and its predecessor states, regardless of ethnicity, and also lists inventions by naturalized immigrant citizens. scientific and medical discoveries, like the periodic law, vitamins and stem cells.products and objects with superlative characteristics, like the Tsar Bomba, the AK-47, and the Typhoon class submarine.uniquely Russian products, objects and events, like Saint Basil's Cathedral, Matryoshka dolls, Russian vodka.indigenous inventions, like airliners, AC transformers, radio receivers, television, artificial satellites, ICBMs.The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories: This timeline of Russian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in Russia, from the Grand Duchy of Moscow up to the Russian Federation. the first modular space station, Mir (upper left).the first space station, Salyut 1 (left).the first space rover, Lunokhod 1 (eight-wheeled vehicle bottom-right).the first Molniya-type satellite (upper right corner).
the first human spaceflight module, Vostok 1 (center).the first spacesuits (lower-left corner).the first satellite, Sputnik 1 (the ball shape under the ceiling).
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